Developing A Health Advocacy

Week 9 Assignment

Continue on with building your final application due in week 10. You will submit one cogent paper that combines the previous two applications (Parts One and Two) from weeks 4 and 7, plus the new material mentioned in the week 8 application

Application: Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign

To be an effective advocate and to develop a successful health advocacy campaign, you must have a clear idea of the goals of your campaign program and be able to communicate those goals to others. In addition, it is the nature of nurses to want to help, but it is important to make sure that the vision you develop is manageable in size and scope. By researching what others have done, you will better appreciate what can realistically be accomplished. It is also wise to determine if others have similar goals and to work with these people to form strategic partnerships. If you begin your planning with a strong idea of your resources, assets, and capabilities, you will be much more likely to succeed and truly make a difference with those you hope to help.

You will develop a 10- to 12-page paper that outlines a health advocacy campaign designed to promote policies to improve the health of a population of your choice. This week, you will establish the framework for your campaign by identifying a population health concern of interest to you. You will then provide an overview of how you would approach advocating for this issue.

-In Week 9, you will consider legal and regulatory factors that have an impact on the issue and finally, in Week 10, you will identify ethical concerns that you could face as an advocate. Specific details for each aspect of this paper are provided each week.

This paper will serve as the Portfolio Application for the course.

Before you begin, review the complete Assignment.

This week, begin developing your health advocacy campaign by focusing on the following:

Week 10 Application

To prepare for this final portion of your paper:

· Review provisions 7, 8, and 9 of the ANA Code of Ethics in relation to advocacy for population health.

· Reflect on the ethical considerations you may need to take into account in your advocacy campaign.

· Research the ethical considerations and lobbying laws relevant to the location where your advocacy campaign will occur.

· Consider potential ethical dilemmas you might face in your campaign.

To complete: Revise and combine parts one and two of you previous papers and add the following:

· Explain any ethical dilemmas that could arise during your advocacy campaign, and how you would resolve them.

· Describe the ethics and lobbying laws that are applicable to your advocacy campaign.

· Evaluate the special ethical challenges that are unique to the population you are addressing.

· Provide a cohesive summary for your paper.

Reminder: You will submit one cogent paper that combines the previous applications (Parts One and Two) plus the new material.

Your paper should be about 10 pages of content, not including the title page and references. Be sure to paste the rubric at the end of your paper.

The final application builds upon the applications (Parts One and Two) completed in weeks 4 and 7.

To complete the final section of your paper:

· Review provisions 7, 8, and 9 of the ANA Code of Ethics in relation to advocacy for population health.

· Reflect on the ethical considerations you may need to take into account in your advocacy campaign.

· Research the ethical considerations and lobbying laws relevant to the location where your advocacy campaign will occur.

· Consider potential ethical dilemmas you might face in your campaign.

REFERENCES

Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

· Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation—Politics: Playing the Game” (pp. 45–71) (review)

This chapter explores the multiple factors that influence the development of public policy through the legislative branch of government.

· Chapter 9, “Policy Nurses Advance Policy Agendas in Many Arenas” (pp. 179–189)

The focus of this chapter is the role of policy nurses within nurse associations and it highlights specific organization that specifically deal with policy nurses and advocacy.

Begley, A. (2010). On being a good nurse: Reflections on the past and preparing for the future. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16(6), 525–532.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the author reflects on the qualities of a good nurse in both the past and present. The article presents a 4-point framework that exemplifies the foundational qualities of modern professional ethics and conduct.

Davis-Alldritt, L. (2011). Presidential inaugural address: Advocacy, access, and achievement. Journal of School Nursing, 27(4), 249–251.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This address explicates links between school nursing, school health services, and student success. The author uses personal anecdotes to teach lessons in advocacy, access, and achievement.

Deyton, L., Hess, W. J., & Jackonis, M. J. (2008, Winter). War, its aftermath, and U.S. health policy: Toward a comprehensive health program for America’s military personnel, veterans, and their families. Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics, 36(4), 677–689.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Karpf, T., Ferguson, J. T., & Swift, R. (2010). Light still shines in the darkness: Decent care for all. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 28(4), 266–274.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article details the challenges of health care crises at the global, national, and local levels. The text proposes a values-based approach to health care that takes into account the voices of the population being served, rather than excluding them.

Paquin, S. O. (2011). Social justice advocacy in nursing: What is it? How do we get there? Creative Nursing, 17(2), 63–67.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This text defines social justice advocacy and contrasts it to the patient-nurse advocacy model. The article also discusses social justice advocacy’s challenges and their potential solutions.

International Council of Nurses. (2008). Promoting health: Advocacy guide for health professionals. Retrieved from http://www.whpa.org/PPE_Advocacy_Guide.pdf

This web resource documents the efforts of the International Council of Nurses to ensure quality nursing care for all, as well as sound health policies globally through the advancement of nursing knowledge and presence worldwide.

Vancouver Coastal Health. (n.d.). Vancouver Coastal Health Population Health: Advocacy guidelines and resources. Retrieved from http://www.vch.ca/media/Population Health_Advocacy Guideline and Resources.pdf

This article presents guidelines, parameters, and resources for conducting population health advocacy.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). The needle exchange program. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Chapter 4, “Government Regulation: Parallel and Powerful” (pp. 73–109)

This chapter explains the major concepts of the regulation of health professionals, with emphasis on advanced practice nurses (APN) and the process of licensure and credentialing.

ANA’s Foundation of Nursing Package – (Access this resource from the Walden Library databases through your NURS 6050 Course Readings List)

Guide to the Code of Ethics: Interpretation and Application
This guide details the history, purpose and theory, application, and case studies of this must-have Code of Ethics.
Nursing Social Policy Statement
The Nursing Social Policy Statement provides an understanding of the social framework and obligations of the nursing profession.
Nursing: Scope & Standards of Practice
This book contains several national standards of practice that can be used to inform the decision-making process, development, implementation, and evaluation of several functions and aspects of advanced practice nursing.

Gallagher, T. H. (2009). A 62-year-old woman with skin cancer who experienced wrong-site surgery: Review of medical error. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(6), 669–677.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

The article showcases the different sides of medical error, from a 62-year-old patient who suffered and the components of the medical error’s impact and aftermath.

Reinhardt, U. E. (2010, Jan 30). Repercussions of simplicity. New York Times, p. A14.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article determines that the government should take low-income families into account when determining mandatory health insurance because many Americans choose to go without insurance despite preexisting conditions presumably no longer being an issue.

Board on Health Care Services. (2007). Preventing medication errors: Quality Chasm Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11623&page=43

Part 1, “Understanding the Causes and Costs of Medication Errors” (pp. 43–49)

This article discusses the multilayered nature of medication error as a system of failures due to individual behaviors and conditions.

Running head: NURSING TECHNOLOGY PAPER

NURSING TECHNOLOGY PAPER

Nursing Technology Paper

Name: Zoeleni Kamara

Course: Nursing 6051-01

Transforming Nursing and Healthcare through Information Technology

September 25, 2016

Introduction

Like in any field, technology plays a crucial role in the field of nursing. Clinical question for this assignment is; has the use of electronic medication administration (eMAR) (Kelley, 2016) in any way improved the safety of medication in the healthcare setting? .Technology ensures that information is processed first and delivered to the right department or personnel. Data in any field is important because from these raw data important information can be derived. Such data is important for the study and control of diseases (epidemiology).Management of chronic diseases across the world has been so difficult, the situation is even worse when it comes to developing countries. For this reason therefore, having concrete data is important in the management of these diseases. It is from these data that important control and disease management can be implemented. The main role of nursing informatics is to ensure that patients get the best medical services.

Nursing informatics as an innovation over the social insurance framework stays in its outset phase of advancement and has not been generally used or boosted to its fullest potential by most healthcare facilities . Nursing informatics in the social insurance framework is an apparatus that underlines wellbeing and quality consideration results, which are devices that pioneers in medicinal services ought to unequivocally consider. Nursing informatics permits attendants to enter and get to patient data in a practical time period that matches individualized desires for every patient.

The use of electronic in the administration in the health sector across the world has not been that simple. It has been faced with a number of challenges some of which can be overcome within a short duration while others take a long time. Apart from the challenges facing the management of most diseases, having the data is the key strategy in its management. To work through the four steps of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum, it should first of all ensure that I determine the pressure of the patient in the case of data. For instance, if the result will give 130/70 then this is the data. After having this data I will ensure that I also ask the patient if he or she has a history of blood pressures of about 150/100 for the last few years, this will lead me to information. This information will be necessary n the diagnosis of the condition. For example if in one way or the other the patient the patient has a well-known history of cardiac arrest and he or she is currently having a chest pain. The drastic drop in the blood pressure in some way can indicate an onset of serious myocardial infarction. This is what is referred as to knowledge. This is the right time that the patient should be given an oxygen, aspirin, and nitrates. That is wisdom.

The databases I would use in the search Allied Health Literature CINAHL and Nursing databases. I used the Walden University website to access the databases and the search words. From the website, I would narrow down the search engines to the field “Nursing” this is to ensure that the databases I would obtain are relevant to my field. Some of the search words I would use includes readmission, critical access hospital(CAH)( United States,2010), challenges, litigation, rural, cost, staff, joint commission, patients, ratio, Illinois, Wisconsin, trauma, hypertension, fatigue, fat deposition, narrowing of the blood vessels among others. These are the words are mostly used in the nursing and health profession.

To transform information into knowledge, I should first ensure that I am clear on my findings; this should be a guiding principle towards the transformation. I would determine the information understand the topic. Next, I would ensure that I gather all the necessary materials and sources to help me gather the information I require. I would then do an evaluation of the information obtained to ensure that the information is relevant to my field of study. I would then organize this information removing and eliminating those that are irrelevant; this will ensure that I don’t possess information that is not helpful to my field. The next step is to ensure that the piece of work is free of any plagiarism and spelling mistakes, this can be done by pro-reading. The last bid is to do an evaluation of what I have obtained from the whole exercise. By doing this would have gleaned and turned the information into knowledge.

Informatics can be used to gain wisdom. This is because wisdom in its early stage exists as data from which it graduates to information then to knowledge and finally to wisdom. All the information collected from the different sources cannot be useful, the useful ones can be assessed we learn something (knowledge).Wisdom guides us to either accept or reject some of this information. Without wisdom, some fake information can be taken to be true yet they are not. This can let to wrong decision making, in the hospital setting it can also lead to the wrong diagnosis, the wrong treatment which might, in turn, lead to more complications and eventually leading to the death of the patient. It is the role of any doctor or nurse to protect life, wrong judgments can cause lives and therefore having the right information is a key thing.

Summary

Data is very important, this is so because it is from here that meaningful information and conclusion can be made. A collection of these data should be done carefully or less information that is not relevant to a particular area or field would be collected. Information obtained should be able to address the clinical question; other information not relevant to the area should be eliminated. If this information is collected in the wrong database, the whole data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum will be affected. This will lead to wrong decision making. Nursing involves handling lives and therefore any mess can lead to loss of lives. Sharing of information in the health profession is important because it enables medical practitioners to communicate and share information. Creating knowledge in the nursing has been on the front line to empower the medical caretaker professionals to commission their parts successfully. It begins with the establishment of the requirements of data. The idea of the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) continuum is the conversion of data into wisdom through subjective procedures important in nursing practice.

RESPONSE FROM MY INSTRUCTOR ON THIS PAPER

I enjoyed reading your paper, yet you did not appear to understand the instructions. Your introduction of the clinical question and your connection of the question to your area of practice were good. In your paper you delineated how you would work through some of the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum. You did not explain how the question could be answered at each level of the continuum. You identified databases, resources, and search terms used to investigate the question. Your explanation of how information can be synthesized to form knowledge and your evaluation of how the information gleaned from research could be converted into useableknowledge was missing. You did not explain how you would progress from simply having useful knowledge to the wisdom to make clinical decisions about the problem you identified. You provided an analysis of whether nursing informatics can be used to gain wisdom.

Your paper integrated 2 or more credible sources and no course resources, followed writing standards, and contained APA errors. You could improve your papers by substantially addressing all of the required topics, integrating 2 or more credible sources and 3 or more course resources, and applying correct APA format. You might want to consult the Writing Center’s APA document “Common Reference List Examples” and the course announcements. You might want to use the shells of the papers provided in an email, as a course announcement, and in “Doc Sharing” As this was the first paper, I added 10 points to everyone’s grade. I appreciate the effort you put into this assignment.

Reference

In Hannah, K. J., In Hussey, P., In Kennedy, M. A., & In Ball, M. J. (2015). Introduction to nursing informatics.

Information Resources Management Association. (2011). Clinical technologies: Concepts, methodologies, tools and applications. Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science Reference.

Kelley, T. (2016). Electronic health records for quality nursing & health care / Tiffany Kelley.

United States. (2010). Critical access hospital replacement process. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Office of Rural Health Policy.

Running Head: NURSING TECHNOLOGY 1

NURSING TECHNOLOGY 6

Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum

Student’s Name:

Instructor:

Course:

Due Date:

Introduction

The libraries and databases offer vast information. The information is not useful when knowledge and wisdom are not derived. The data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum is very important in the quest to derive wisdom from the vast available sources of information (McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). The data should be specific to provide information which leads to a special knowledge amassing to wisdom (Hannah, et al., 2015). There is always a possibility that data does not provide information if it is not understood. If the information derived from the data is not applied, then it becomes hard to gain knowledge as well as wisdom (Hannah, et al., 2015). In this paper, I will develop a clinical question to explore associated with my practice, describe the additional information required regarding the question, apply data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum in the topic research, identify databases to use and the search process itself and lastly describe my progress through the continuum.

Clinical question

I have had a lot of interest in the integration of technology into the nursing practice. Technology has been in integrated into healthcare. Electronic medication administration is an area I consider to have not been widely explored. The clinical question for this assignment becomes; has the utilization of electronic medication administration (e-MAR) improved the safety of medication in the healthcare setting in any way? The role technology plays in healthcare delivery cannot be underestimated at any instant. The technology has reduced many errors in the healthcare delivery which were experienced during the pre-technology era. Technology, therefore, has taken the healthcare system by storm by minimizing many of the obvious errors which were as a result of human error. There is no enough information regarding the safety of electronic medication administration. It is important because; it will ensure that the healthcare givers are well informed on the safety indexes of administering medication electronically. Similarly, patients will be informed about their safety.

The data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum will be useful for me to turn raw data into the processes to wisdom (Matney, et al., 2011 & McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). Forming or developing the topic of concern is always a crucial step before one starts to move on the continuum. It helps the individual searching for data to narrow down and be specific. After the question is developed, then an individual passes through the DIKW continuum step-wise. Data is the first step. The data involve the details about an area of concern McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). Regarding my clinical question, identification of data about electronic medication administration and patient safety levels will be sought. After identifying relevant data, gleaning it to information will follow. Information refers to the meaning of data. Information answers the questions how, what, and when McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). I would utilize this step to find meaning include interrelationships between the data on the safety of electronic medication administration. I will evaluate and try to understand all the points from the data. After identifying the information, then they move to the next step of the continuum which is the knowledge.

Knowledge is the third step of the continuum. The information gained is now applied into the practice McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). Regarding the clinical question on the safety offered by e-MAR, knowledge will be gained when the information gained is applied while utilizing the e-MAR in care delivery. It is in this step that I will apply the insights gained from the information. While applying the information, I would evaluate and reflect the changes in my practice and embrace them as the knowledge gained. Wisdom is the last step of the continuum. Gaining a lot of knowledge makes an individual able to manipulate it to new heights or in different situations to do the right things. Therefore, the knowledge about e-MAR can be turned into wisdom by doing the right things McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). It integrates the use of principles and becoming sophisticated in the area. The wisdom will help me increase the effectiveness of e-MAR by attending to the shortcomings and challenges as well.

Databases

Regarding my clinical question and topic of interest, the databases I would use are CINAHL, WebMD, and other nursing databases. These databases provided health-related information. Given my clinical question, they are the best placed to provide valid information. The Walden University Library website will offer me access to the databases. I would set the types articles I require. ‘Peer-reviewed’ are the best to provide me with credible and valid information. The search keywords for my topic would be; ‘electronic medication administration,’ ‘patient safety and e-MAR’ and ‘safety indexes of e-MAR.’ I will set the advanced search engine to ‘nursing field’ only. This will help me narrow down my search and make it more specific.

Information to Knowledge

After I access relevant articles, I would then go through the articles to identify the data provided on e-MAR and patient safety. I would note down all the data provided by the articles. Afterward, I would go through my points editing them and trying to understand them. I would delete those that are not relevant to my clinical question. With the relevant remaining, I would figure out what they insinuate in a bigger picture in matters the practice area. This is through evaluation of the whole points and reflecting them regarding the clinical question. This way, I would have extracted information from the articles. With the available information, I would utilize it in my practice. This helps me understand better all the aspects of the information. While using the information to execute my roles, I would evaluate and reflect how my practice is different from the previous before the information. By identifying the peculiar inclusions, then I would have turned the information I have into knowledge because my new practice would be based on the information gained.

Knowledge to Wisdom

It is true that nursing informatics can be used to gain wisdom (American Nurses Association, 2015 & McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). Wisdom does not exist solely. It is derived from the raw data in the first step of the continuum. After the data is turned into information and later to knowledge, then the next step is wisdom. Wisdom is a step of expertise, and it entails making informed and crucial decision regarding the knowledge and information available. Therefore, non-dependent with the knowledge gained from the articles, the right decisions has to be made, and this shows wisdom. Decisions about the safety of patients when it comes to e-MAR are important.

Summary

The DIKW continuum is crucial when it comes to nursing practice. Nursing informatics provides data which is eventually turned into wisdom and then enhances nursing practice (American Nurses Association, 2015). From the discussion of the model, data is the first step. The data should be sought carefully and analyzed carefully to provide relevant information. The information gained from the data should be consistent with the clinical question. The information is then put into practice to brew knowledge. Increased knowledge provides the ability to make decisions. This ability describes wisdom. Therefore, the ultimate goal of DIKW model is to provide wisdom important in nursing practice (Matney, et al., 2011).

References

American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing informatics: Scope & standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD: Author.

Hannah, K. J., Hussey, P., Kennedy, M. A., & Ball, M. J. (2015). Introduction to nursing informatics.

Matney, S., Brewster, P. J., Sward, K. A., Cloyes, K. G., & Staggers, N. (2011). Philosophical approaches to the nursing informatics data-information-knowledge-wisdom framework. Advances in Nursing Science, 34(1), 6–18. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.